{"id":9314,"date":"2023-07-31T08:53:42","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T08:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/?p=9314"},"modified":"2024-03-20T08:16:51","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T08:16:51","slug":"chieu-sang-kohler-he-thong-chieu-sang-trong-kinh-hien-vi-cho-cac-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/chieu-sang-kohler-he-thong-chieu-sang-trong-kinh-hien-vi-cho-cac-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler &#8211; H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi cho c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor: pointer\">T&oacute;m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/chieu-sang-kohler-he-thong-chieu-sang-trong-kinh-hien-vi-cho-cac-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Gioi_thieu\" title=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/chieu-sang-kohler-he-thong-chieu-sang-trong-kinh-hien-vi-cho-cac-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Cac_buoc_thiet_lap_Chieu_sang_Kohler\" title=\"C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler\">C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_thieu\"><\/span><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n vi quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng\u00a0<b>Kohler<\/b>\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1893 b\u1edfi August K\u00f6hler c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Carl Zeiss nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i sao cho th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quang h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e8n l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ee5 quang v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang ph\u00e2n \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang ph\u00e2n \u00e1p, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<b> <\/b>kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>.\u00a0Khi m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng song song \u0111i qua v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure1.jpg\" alt=\"Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler \" width=\"443\" height=\"570\" border=\"0\" \/>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.\u00a0C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 1. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u1ebfu t\u1ee5 quang ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a ch\u1eb7n h\u00ecnh khuy\u00ean, l\u0103ng k\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y xoay turret \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 <b>tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng<\/b>, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c l\u0103ng k\u00ednh.\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u t\u1ed1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng (8 micromet tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng).\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t lam k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng film 35 milim\u00e9t (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 film trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m b\u1ea3n) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 10 x 10 milim\u00e9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n v\u00e0o ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng lam k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_buoc_thiet_lap_Chieu_sang_Kohler\"><\/span><b>C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"contentulbox\">\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> (H\u00ecnh 2(a)). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y v\u1eabn t\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec trong b\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n.\u00a0N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Khi <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf (H\u00ecnh 2(a)) s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp theo, m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t (m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xoay c\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c n\u00fam. \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y (H\u00ecnh 2(b)) s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure2.jpg\" width=\"641\" height=\"288\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"contentulbox\">\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh (H\u00ecnh 3(a)) v\u00e0 m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n g\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c n\u00fam c\u00f3 kh\u00eda n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean v\u1ecf b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang m\u1edf ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ee5 quang kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh xoay ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e3y th\u00e1o th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh xoay kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c quang c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> (H\u00ecnh 3(b)). \u0110\u1eb7t chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang sao cho th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu lam kho\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 mm. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi lam k\u00ednh (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n soi m\u1eabu). Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ee5 quang v\u00e0o m\u1eabu th\u1eed s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1eabu b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e0n sa tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u00edt ch\u1eb7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure3.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"288\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"contentulbox\">\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ecb k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> (H\u00ecnh 4(a)).\u00a0N\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ng, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n th\u1ecb k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1edbn qua th\u1ecb k\u00ednh. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb th\u1ecb k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, xoay th\u1ecb k\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e0n soi m\u1eabu, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chi ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 (H\u00ecnh 4(b)). T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn khu\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng v\u00ec c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure4.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"288\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"contentulbox\">\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler.\u00a0B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ee5 quang l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh(H\u00ecnh 5(a)). N\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m.\u00a0C\u00e1c n\u00fam \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m tr\u00ean khung l\u1eafp t\u1ee5 quang c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m t\u1ee5 quang (H\u00ecnh 5(b)).\u00a0\u0110\u00f3ng m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u00edt \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ed7 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t (m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef th\u1eadp r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t).\u00a0Khi t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, h\u00e3y m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure5.jpg\" width=\"650\" height=\"288\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"contentulbox\">\n<ul>\n<li>T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y trong quy tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n.\u00a0H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n m\u1edf m\u00e0ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i.\u00a0H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 xa s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00e1o th\u1ecb k\u00ednh kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng (H\u00ecnh 6(a)). M\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 cm \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0Trong khi nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed v\u1eadt k\u00ednh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn sao cho n\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 65 \u0111\u1ebfn 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n th\u1ecb k\u00ednh (xem H\u00ecnh 6(b)), mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.\u00a0Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng, h\u00e3y l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb k\u00ednh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/kohlerfigure6.jpg\" width=\"621\" height=\"246\" border=\"0\" \/>C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a K\u00f6hler, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoay v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng (v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i) t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o th\u1ecb k\u00ednh m\u1ed7i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh m\u1edbi.\u00a0Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t cho v\u1eadt k\u00ednh 10x, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00e3y m\u1edf kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 quang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ec7ch, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh quang vi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 xa, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c tia chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u00e2n, d\u1ea3i v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hoa v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00fac x\u1ea1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c\u00a0m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng t\u1ee5 quang qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quang h\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.\u00a0Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eabu\u00a0<b>\u00edt nh\u1ea5t<\/b>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh n\u00e0o.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u0111a (b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh) \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/kohler.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/kohler.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"content\">\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng ty Minh Khang l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>\u00a0h\u00e3ng\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">Carl ZEISS<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n vi quan tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng\u00a0Kohler\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1893 b\u1edfi August K\u00f6hler c\u1ee7a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9315,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khong-phan-loai"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9314"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9314"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11874,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9314\/revisions\/11874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}