{"id":9233,"date":"2023-07-20T10:07:44","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T10:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/?p=9233"},"modified":"2024-03-20T08:19:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T08:19:43","slug":"kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor: pointer\">T&oacute;m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Gioi_thieu\" title=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang_truyen_anh_sang_phan_xa\" title=\"K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Vat_kinh_cho_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang_truyen_anh_sang_phan_xa\" title=\"V\u1eadt k\u00ednh cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1\">V\u1eadt k\u00ednh cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Den_chieu_sang_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Chieu_sang_Kohler\" title=\"Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler\">Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-truyen-anh-sang-phan-xa-cho-giao-duc-voi-hinh-anh-ky-thuat-so\/#Tong_quan_ngan_gon_Che_do_tuong_phan_trong_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_thieu\"><\/span><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y in. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng epi ho\u1eb7c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 30 micromet. Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n th\u1ecb k\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u1ee5 quang.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i, qu\u1eb7ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u polyme, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (silicon ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p), x\u1ec9, than \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1ef1a, s\u01a1n, gi\u1ea5y, g\u1ed7, da, th\u1ee7y tinh , v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, n\u00ean n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n.\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng episcopic, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng epi ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc (b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean), tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng (truy\u1ec1n) qua k\u00ednh thi\u00ean v\u0103n \u0111i qua m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong<em> H\u00ecnh 1<\/em>. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (DIC) trong <em>H\u00ecnh 1(a)<\/em>, trong khi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf <em>H\u00ecnh 1(b)<\/em>. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 h\u1eefu \u00edch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y c\u00e1p si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong <em>H\u00ecnh 1(c).<\/em> Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh <em>H\u00ecnh 1(d)<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang_truyen_anh_sang_phan_xa\"><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua. M\u1ed9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh cho c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 2 (ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quang h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong h\u00ecnh). \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (<em>H\u00ecnh 2<\/em>). Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111i qua th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc,\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch ch\u00f9m tia (m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh elip) qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u1ecb k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n vi. <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t v\u1edbi hai th\u1ecb k\u00ednh (H\u00ecnh 2) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng ba m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng camera th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1\/video. Th\u1ecb k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 10 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0B\u00e0n soi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x v\u00e0 y v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e0n soi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t th\u00f4 v\u00e0 tinh.\u00a0C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1eeb b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n halogen vonfram 20 v\u00e0 100 watt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e8n h\u01a1i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n xenon n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng xen k\u1ebd ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7) tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay v\u00e0o tr\u1ee5c quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo chi\u1ec1u ngang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 song song v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n, v\u1edbi v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4 v\u00e0 tinh t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0o ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure2.jpg\" alt=\"Truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\" width=\"538\" height=\"398\" border=\"0\" \/>Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc trong th\u00e2n k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 hu\u1ef3nh quang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng to h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1edbi.\u00a0V\u00ec k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n kim<\/em>.\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 160 \u0111\u1ebfn 210 mm.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a khung k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi ki\u1ec3u\u00a0<b>nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4<\/b> \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong sinh h\u1ecdc), m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.\u00a0\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu khi ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p).\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1eb3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.\u00a0C\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u00e2m v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e2m v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n sa tr\u01b0\u1ee3t di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n halogen-tungsten 12 v\u00f4n 50 ho\u1eb7c 100 watt, \u0111i qua c\u00e1c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu, qua l\u1ed7 m\u1edf m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn m\u1ed1ng m\u1eaft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 qua l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed.\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i vi tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i.\u00a0T\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 th\u1ee7y tinh ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 b\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0C\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eang m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c 45 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb m\u00e0u \u0111en qua c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u x\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u n\u1ebfu m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eabu c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00ean c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ee9 hai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu pha r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vat_kinh_cho_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang_truyen_anh_sang_phan_xa\"><\/span><strong>V\u1eadt k\u00ednh cho <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh <b>Abbe<\/b>\u00a0) nh\u01b0 trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a K\u00f6hler.\u00a0M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler (ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t ngay c\u1ea3 khi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c cu\u1ed9n.\u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure3.jpg\" width=\"568\" height=\"236\" border=\"0\" \/>V\u1eadt k\u00ednh cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra b\u1edfi\u00a0<b>Epi <\/b>ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (xem <em>H\u00ecnh 3<\/em>).\u00a0Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua theo hai c\u00e1ch.\u00a0V\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1ecb k\u00ednh.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh quang h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thi\u1ebfu l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c m\u1eabu trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (n\u01a1i k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady.\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n quang h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Den_chieu_sang_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh thu l\u1ea1i theo kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0Sau khi \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (ho\u1eb7c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i, qua l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh elip).\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb v\u1eadt k\u00ednh theo c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng song song (t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi g\u00f3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb) chi\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c.\u00a0C\u00e1c tia song song \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh m\u1eabu t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng m\u1edf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ecb k\u00ednh (<b>m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh trung gian<\/b>).\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng k\u00e9p.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t (lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh trong vai tr\u00f2 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt k\u00ednh chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tia mang \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda th\u1ecb k\u00ednh.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler (ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t ngay c\u1ea3 khi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u00e2y t\u00f3c cu\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure4.jpg\" width=\"477\" height=\"281\" border=\"0\" \/>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0\u00a0<b>\u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t<\/b>b\u1edfi v\u00ec, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o r\u1eddi, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p quan s\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh ph\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n (g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eeda g\u01b0\u01a1ng) cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng (xem H\u00ecnh 4(a)) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 trong su\u1ed1t h\u00ecnh elip n\u1eb1m \u1edf trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i (H\u00ecnh 4(b) ).\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n vi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u00f9 cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai ( DIC\u00a0<b>)<\/b>\u00a0.\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng.\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n (H\u00ecnh 2), th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e8n halogen-vonfram.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang, \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang, nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chieu_sang_Kohler\"><\/span><strong>Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb sao cho d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e8n halogen-vonfram n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a K\u00f6hler, th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh gom \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.\u00a0M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e8n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1ee5 quang (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 cao) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.\u00a0L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.\u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p,\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ee7y tinh m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure5.jpg\" width=\"370\" height=\"309\" border=\"0\" \/>Trong chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong H\u00ecnh 5), h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh thu h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc.\u00a0M\u00e0ng ng\u0103n n\u00e0y chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u00e2y t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n, do \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhau, ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda sau v\u1eadt k\u00ednh (\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, m\u1ed1ng m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 quang), thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y,\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u1ea3n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn m\u1ed1ng m\u1eaft) \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng m\u00e0ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 (kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1) c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Trong \u1ea3nh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 K\u00f6hler bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh trung gian. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. M\u00e0n ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf m\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. Khi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee5 quang. Trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tong_quan_ngan_gon_Che_do_tuong_phan_trong_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>T\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Do v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u00e9p (c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 quang) trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> (<em>H\u00ecnh 6(a)<\/em>), n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef b\u1edfi b\u00f3 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh song song,\u00a0s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00eda sau v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <b>m\u1eb7t quan s\u00e1t<\/b>\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc; xem<em> H\u00ecnh 6(a))<\/em>.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng d\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt k\u00ednh (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<b>ph\u00eda chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray quang h\u1ecdc<\/b>).\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng gian cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t khe trong \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1eafp thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/reflectedfigure6.jpg\" width=\"541\" height=\"536\" border=\"0\" \/>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, bao g\u1ed3m chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai. Trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c (xem H\u00ecnh 4 v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh 6(b)) .\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i trong v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00f5m h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng, g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c t\u1edbi l\u1edbn l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eabu v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t),\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt k\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn t\u1ed1i.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i.\u00a0L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i, m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (H\u00ecnh 6(c)) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.\u00a0Trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong H\u00ecnh 6(c), c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 g\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0C\u00e1c s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0Sau khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m s\u00f3ng song song, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai (m\u00e1y\u00a0<b>ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/b>) h\u01b0\u1edbng 90 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng kh\u1eed c\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng.\u00a0M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m lambda ph\u1ee5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebft (thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u x\u00e1m th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u).\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<b>t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/b>\u00a0.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<b>n\u1eafp Antiflex<\/b>) bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m lambda c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Antiflex c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu than.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n giao thoa vi sai, cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.\u00a0Trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh quang h\u1ecdc (H\u00ecnh 6(d)), m\u1ed9t l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebft (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u0103ng\u00a0<b>k\u00ednh Wollaston<\/b>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<b>Nomarski<\/b>l\u0103ng k\u00ednh, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c).\u00a0L\u0103ng k\u00ednh chia c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh hai ch\u00f9m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ef1c giao tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0C\u00e1c ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c n\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ngang \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i.\u00a0N\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (xem H\u00ecnh 6(d)) gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t s\u00f3ng, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.\u00a0Khi c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m song song \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi sau khi \u0111i qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh,\u00a0ch\u00fang \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai (m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch) n\u01a1i giao thoa t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trung gian n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0u x\u00e1m m\u00e0 m\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m lambda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0u x\u00e1m th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/reflected.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/reflected.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"content\">\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng ty Minh Khang l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>\u00a0h\u00e3ng\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">Carl ZEISS.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y in. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng epi ho\u1eb7c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9233"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9233"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11888,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9233\/revisions\/11888"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9234"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}