{"id":10097,"date":"2023-10-20T05:13:55","date_gmt":"2023-10-20T05:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/?p=10097"},"modified":"2024-03-20T07:44:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:44:43","slug":"kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi sinh"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<label class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor: pointer\">T&oacute;m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung<\/label>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #0a0a0a;color:#0a0a0a\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/#Gioi_thieu\" title=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/#Cau_hinh_bo_loc_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/#Nguon_sang_cho_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng cho k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/#Cau_hinh_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/kinh-hien-vi-huynh-quang-voi-he-thong-quang-hoc-doc-dao-di-dau-trong-linh-vuc-nghien-cuu-vi-sinh\/#Bo_phan_quan_trong_trong_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\" title=\"B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang\">B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gioi_thieu\"><\/span><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <b>ph\u00e1t quang <\/b>c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng), c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (ma s\u00e1t) ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.\u00a0S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t quang th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c photon \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<b>ph\u00e1t quang<\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i,\u00a0<b>hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<b>l\u00e2n quang<\/b>\u00a0, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1.\u00a0Hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2n quang x\u1ea3y ra theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 hu\u1ef3nh quang, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure1.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi ba s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch nhau v\u00e0i b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn (xem H\u00ecnh 1(a)).\u00a0S\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ea1y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t photon t\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra trong femto gi\u00e2y (10<sup>\u00b1 15<\/sup> gi\u00e2y), trong khi s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng pico gi\u00e2y (10 \u00b1<sup>12<\/sup>\u00a0gi\u00e2y).\u00a0Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t photon c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0i t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng nano gi\u00e2y (10,9\u00a0<sup>gi\u00e2y<\/sup> ). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb khi k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 gi\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i theo th\u1eddi gian. quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>. Do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hu\u1ef3nh quang, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng (phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh trong H\u00ecnh 1(b)) trong di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t quang trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 v\u00e0 18, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Sir George G. Stokes l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1852 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 vinh danh kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang tr\u1eafng xanh (fluorit).\u00a0Stokes c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00e0i h\u01a1n trong quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 mang t\u00ean \u00f4ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ef1\u00a0<b>d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n Stokes<\/b>\u00a0; H\u00ecnh 1(c) v\u00e0 H\u00ecnh 2).\u00a0Hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1911 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1913 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Otto Heimstaedt v\u00e0 Heinrich Lehmann nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u1edf m\u00f4 vi khu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.\u00a0Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Stanislav Von Provazek \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi khi \u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940, Albert Coons m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m hu\u1ef3nh quang, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khai sinh ra l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0o quan v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ri\u00eang l\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 hu\u1ef3nh quang t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure2.jpg\" width=\"503\" height=\"310\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c pha, s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebft, <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n fluorophores c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 pH, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ion, \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hinh_bo_loc_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> n\u00e0o l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ly ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y t\u1ed1i \u0111a.\u00a0N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong m\u1eabu v\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t ra hu\u1ef3nh quang th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\u00a0M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao cho m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ecfi d\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hu\u1ef3nh quang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u00e1ch ch\u00f9m l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10111 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Anh-man-hinh-2023-10-20-luc-15.45.12-300x192.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"503\" height=\"322\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Anh-man-hinh-2023-10-20-luc-15.45.12-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Anh-man-hinh-2023-10-20-luc-15.45.12-510x326.png 510w, https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Anh-man-hinh-2023-10-20-luc-15.45.12.png 650w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 503px) 100vw, 503px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 1:<\/strong> M\u00e0u quang ph\u1ed5 so v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hu\u1ef3nh quang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 nanomet (nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong ph\u1ed5 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng trong H\u00ecnh 2).\u00a0Khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hu\u1ef3nh quang, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef\u00a0<b>fluorochrome<\/b>\u00a0d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hu\u1ef3nh quang, trong khi\u00a0<b>fluorophore<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t fluorochrome \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0Ba th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol (<b>\u03b5<\/b>), hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (<b>\u03a6<\/b>) v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd hu\u1ef3nh quang (<b>\u03c4<\/b>).\u00a0H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quang ph\u1ed5, <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> v\u00e0 hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng tham chi\u1ebfu (\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t mol (<b>M<\/b>) (m\u1ed9t mol tr\u00ean l\u00edt) c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong cuvet c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t centimet.\u00a0B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng tham chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u00a0M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i fluorochrome ho\u1eb7c fluorophores kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 ri\u00eang (H\u00ecnh 2), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh ch\u00fang.\u00a0H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi photon \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (m\u00e0u quang ph\u1ed5 so v\u1edbi m\u00e0u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong B\u1ea3ng 1).\u00a0T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m photon ph\u00e1t ra so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng photon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i fluorophore \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra photon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure3.jpg\" width=\"490\" height=\"312\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng.\u00a0C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i (H\u00ecnh 3) truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trung t\u00e2m (CWL) v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a (FWHM).\u00a0B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc bi\u00ean c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c 50% truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec9nh (xem H\u00ecnh 3).\u00a0B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn trong khi ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc bi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t cao v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, thay v\u00ec tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u do fluorophores t\u1ea1o ra. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quang h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0\u00a0<b>g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc<\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf g\u00f3c 45 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c quang c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) \u0111i qua chu\u1ed7i quang h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng epi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i\u00a0<b>b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/b>\u00a0(xem H\u00ecnh 2(b)), n\u01a1i n\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n qua b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc\u00a0<b>k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/b>\u00a0th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t quang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quang ph\u1ed5 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1edfi d\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch.\u00a0S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u xung quanh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh thu l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc, g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u0111i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc\u00a0<b>ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1<\/b>\u00a0, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a camera.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1eaft r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong H\u00ecnh 4 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang. Ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch (H\u00ecnh 4(a); \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n cao (kho\u1ea3ng 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m) trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 460 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 nanomet \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang nh\u01b0 protein hu\u1ef3nh quang m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c fluorescein.\u00a0G\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o (H\u00ecnh 4(a); \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 k\u00edch th\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 450 \u0111\u1ebfn 510 nanomet, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trong v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch \u1edf g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n (H\u00ecnh 4(a); \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trong v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb 515 \u0111\u1ebfn 565 nanomet, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y.\u00a0Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quang ph\u1ed5 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e0ng d\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, s\u1eafc n\u00e9t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111en.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure4.jpg\" width=\"649\" height=\"297\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>Do g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1eb9p n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n 445 nanomet v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 515 nanomet c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc.\u00a0L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 100% v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ee5c lam \u0111i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean 510 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi 450 nanomet \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u00a0M\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1edfi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u \u0111en ph\u1eb3ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1eafn \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c xi\u00ean, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y), k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh l\u1ee5c lam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111i qua g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n.\u00a0B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 515 \u0111\u1ebfn 565 nanomet \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1ecb k\u00ednh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch do m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y d\u00f2.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc.\u00a0Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 4(b) l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n qua.\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng <b>\u0111a s\u1eafc<\/b>, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u00f4ng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i hu\u1ef3nh quang.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguon_sang_cho_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng cho <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng cho <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y d\u00f2 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e1y nh\u00e2n quang, \u1ed1ng video t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng camera k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng (<b>LED<\/b> , trong khi <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-category\/kinh-hien-vi\/kinh-hien-vi-dong-tieu\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau<\/a>, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u1ed9i to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111a photon y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng laser kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0Khi ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng cho hu\u1ef3nh quang, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c fluorophores \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, xanh lam v\u00e0 xanh l\u1ee5c.\u00a0\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e8n ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang (H\u00ecnh 5(a) \u0111\u1ebfn 5(c)), s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n halogen th\u1ea1ch anh 12 volt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua.\u00a0Ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u01b0a th\u00edch cho <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n (H\u00ecnh 5(a)), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang xenon (H\u00ecnh 5(b)) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng halogen kim lo\u1ea1i (H\u00ecnh 5(c)) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.\u00a0B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 ba thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u01a1n 90% nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng LED (H\u00ecnh 5(d)) c\u0169ng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang.\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong H\u00ecnh 5 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ra quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure5.jpg\" width=\"630\" height=\"490\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>Vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng K\u00f6hler v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fam \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh.\u00a0\u1ed4 c\u1eafm \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u00edt \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00f2ng cung \u1edf kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u00eda sau v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf xa v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khe cho b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecf nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n n\u1ebfu v\u1ecf \u0111\u00e8n v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecb m\u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.\u00a0Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng camera si\u00eau nh\u1ea1y, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng tia laser m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t fluorophore.\u00a0C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i.\u00a0B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng duy nh\u1ea5t, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"paratitle\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_hinh_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng mang v\u1eadt k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 6. B\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang) l\u00ean m\u1eabu v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1eadp trung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng qua v\u1eadt <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 b\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. Lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf.\u00a0V\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1t, ti\u1ebfp theo thu th\u1eadp ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n camera.\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1eadt k\u00ednh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.\u00a0H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 b\u1edfi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (tr\u00ean g\u00f3c 360 \u0111\u1ed9) s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thay v\u00ec chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n qua.\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khu v\u1ef1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure6.jpg\" width=\"550\" height=\"433\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu hu\u1ef3nh quang epi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n trong hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng vonfram-halogen.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p ph\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 6 ho\u1eb7c 8 kh\u1ed1i l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u.\u00a0Trong hu\u1ef3nh quang, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe trong \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i khi g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0Hu\u1ef3nh quang nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem c\u00f9ng nhau ho\u1eb7c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bo_phan_quan_trong_trong_kinh_hien_vi_huynh_quang\"><\/span><strong>B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.\u00a0C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1eb7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u00a0Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng cho ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u00f2 camera, trong khi c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng trong<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\"> k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u00edch l\u1edbn trong ph\u1ea1m vi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 nanomet tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng).\u00a0Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e8n ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang ph\u00e1t v\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng.\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Alexa Fluors 405 v\u00e0 546 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch 405 v\u00e0 546 nanomet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n.\u00a0S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 tia laser c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m h\u1eadu m\u00e3i.\u00a0Khi c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch \u1edf v\u00f9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n xenon (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Alexa Fluor 488 ho\u1eb7c protein hu\u1ef3nh quang m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u00e8n LED ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n halogen kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure7.jpg\" width=\"584\" height=\"240\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn cho <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh (\u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00ean t\u1edbi 16 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang truy\u1ec1n qua v\u1eadt k\u00ednh do ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7y tinh-kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt k\u00ednh.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (xem H\u00ecnh 7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cao \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5.\u00a0Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh c\u1eadn ti\u00eau tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.\u00a0Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u00e0u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u00a0C\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ng\u00e2m d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn.\u00a0Lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ng\u00e2m xem c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang kh\u00f4ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m khu\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p do m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u00ean.\u00a0V\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 t\u1edbi m\u00e1y d\u00f2 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,5, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 16 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 hu\u1ef3nh quang.\u00a0V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00fang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u, gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n.\u00a0S\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong H\u00ecnh 8 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><center><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/images\/fluorescencefigure8.jpg\" width=\"321\" height=\"264\" border=\"0\" \/><\/center>Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a> th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ph\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3m. Th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e8n pin g\u1ea7n <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a> trong ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i.\u00a0Khi \u0111\u00e8n trong ph\u00f2ng v\u1eabn s\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1eadt k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u trong \u1ea3nh.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0n ch\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea9y quang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang, n\u1ec1n s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3m.\u00a0Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u ng\u00e2m m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u00e1o b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00ec b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hu\u1ef3nh quang r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.\u00a0\u0110\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edbi.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.\u00a0Lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o) sau khi nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t fluorophores c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0ng, s\u1ee3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ty th\u1ec3, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y Golgi v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ch\u1ea5t.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau (bao g\u1ed3m khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng enzyme v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau) trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo th\u1eddi gian. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadp b\u00e0o, xu\u1ea5t b\u00e0o, truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf xuy\u00ean m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi hu\u1ef3nh quang<\/a>. Do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hu\u1ef3nh quang, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y sinh.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n: <a href=\"https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/fluorescence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu\/articles\/basics\/fluorescence.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00f4ng ty Minh Khang l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/a>\u00a0h\u00e3ng\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vospan.com\/product-brands\/zeiss-vi\/\">Carl ZEISS<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Hu\u1ef3nh quang l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t quang c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng), c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (ma s\u00e1t) ho\u1eb7c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10097"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11831,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10097\/revisions\/11831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vospan.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}